Integrative Model Defense Indonesian Hybrid in Face Dynamics ASEAN Conflict
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70062/managementdynamics.v2i4.422Keywords:
ASEAN, Defense Cyber, Defense Hybrid, Diplomacy Defense, Warfare AsymmetricalAbstract
Purpose – This article aim For explore idea integrative regarding defense strategy Indonesian hybrid with combine approach conventional, asymmetric, and multidimensional in face complexity conflict in the ASEAN region. Design/ methodology / approach – Research This use systematic literature review (SLR) method on work Suhirwan and Wahyudin (2023), and literature international related defense, regional security, and warfare asymmetrical. This article analyzed 25 sources covering books, journals national reputable, and publications international in 2022–2025 period. Findings – The study shows that ASEAN's defense strategy is not can Again only depend on strength conventional, but need framework integrative that includes element diplomacy defense, defense cyber, and the role of actor Civil Defense Model Proposed hybrid in article This offer framework adaptive for Indonesia to anticipate threat conventional and non- conventional at a time.Implications practical – This article emphasize that Indonesia needs developing Cyber Forces Independent, strengthening diplomacy defense, as well as build Work The same cross ministries and institutions as part from system defense layered national. Originality / Value – Novelty article This lies in the formulation of the Integrative Model Defense Synergistic hybrid aspect military regular, defense cyber, counter-terrorism, and diplomacy defense to in One framework strategic. This model give contribution conceptual new for studies defense in ASEAN as well as relevance practical for maker Indonesian policy.
References
Adma, A., Surbakti, YM, & Sari, P. (2023). Transformation system defense Indonesian cyber with BSSN as shaft & drive motor towards the Cyber Force Independence in the future. Journal of Strategic Studies National Resilience, 6(1) https://doi.org/10.7454/jkskn.v6i1.10077
Cheema, M. Z., & Sunawar, L. (2025). The Changing World Order and US-China Maritime Power Contestation in the Indo Pacific. NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 10(2) https://doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v10i2.221
Chien -pin, L. (2023). An analysis of the US Indo-Pacific Strategy in US-China competition. American Journal of Chinese Studies, 30(1). https://www.jstor.org/stable/45474900
Dillon, R. (2023). The Future of Cybersecurity in Southeast Asia along the Maritime Silk Road. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.06963
Ee, S. E. (2024). US-Singapore cooperation on tech and security: defense, cyber, and biotech. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.07946
Estiyovionita, K., & Sitamala, A. (2023). ASEAN's Role in Cybersecurity Maintenance and Security Strategy Through an International Security Approach. Lampung Journal of International Law, 4(2), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v4i2.2556
Eva Hansson & Meredith L. Weiss. (2024). The Contested Domain of Political Space in Southeast Asia. in The Palgrave Handbook of Political Norms in Southeast Asia (pp. 467–486). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9655-1_27
Fernandes, Y., & Abosata, N. (2024). Analyzing India's Cyber Warfare Readiness and Developing a Defense Strategy. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.12568
Kara, A. (2025). India's hedging strategy in great power competition. Pacific Focus, 40(2), 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/pafo.12271
Kiba, S. (2022). Security governance in Southeast Asia: Security sector reform with non-state actors. In Pathways for Irregular Forces in Southeast Asia (pp. 27). Routledge. https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143994-9
Octaviana, SL (2024). Management logistics defense of the Society 5.0 era (S. Aritonang, Ed.). CV. Academia Global Literacy. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16387.11045
Paroli, P. (2023). Structure & behavior organization (M. Kusmiati & S. Rusdian, Eds.). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376265375_STRUKTUR_DAN_PERILAKU_ORGANISASI
Government Republic of Indonesia. (2002). Law Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense. State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2002 Number 3. Jakarta: State Secretariat.
Government Republic of Indonesia. (2004). Law Republic of Indonesia Number 34 of 2004 concerning Indonesian National Army. State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2004 Number 127. Jakarta: State Secretariat.
Government Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Regulation President Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2021 concerning Policy General National Defense 2020–2024. State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia 2021 Number 8. Jakarta: State Secretariat. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/157950/perpres-no-8-tahun-2021
Priyanto, Dr. (2025). Methods research: Quantitative, qualitative & Mixed Methods (Study case in knowledge social & science defense). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. ISBN 978-623-8704-51-4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392817932_METODE_PENELITIAN_KUANTITATIF_KUALITATIF_MIXED_METHODS_Studi_Kasus_dalam_Ilmu_Sosial_Ilmu_Pertahanan
Priyanto, M. TNI Dr. (2024). Military strategy management (M. Kusmiati, Ed.). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387996789_MANAJEMEN_STRATEGI_MILITER
Putri, KNA (2024). Policy abroad Indonesia through diplomacy ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Sanctions and Indonesia's Role. Journal Political Walisongo, 6(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.21580/jpw.v6i1.19442
Siekiera, J. (Ed.) (2025). International Law and Security in Indo-Pacific: Strategic Design for the Region (1st ed.). Routledge https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003545750
Singh, B. (2020, rev. ed. 2025). The Rise of Singapore-India Defense Relations in the Post-Cold War Era: Strategic and Security Implications. Journal of International Studies, 4, np https://doaj.org/article/eb3aa50401164110ade041f162edf0ee
Suhirwan, Dr. Ir., & Wahyudin, Dr. dr. FS (2023). National defense strategy in ASEAN conflict. (Dr. Ir. Kasih Prihantoro, Ed.). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. https://www.aksaraglobal.info/spn-dalam-konflik-asean
Suhirwan, S. (2023). Science defense: War asymmetric (FSA Yuniawan, Ed.). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. https://www.aksaraglobal.info/ilmu-pertahanan-peperangan-asimetris
Suhirwan, S. (2023). Science Defense: Theory & Practice (FSA Yuniawan, Ed.). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372947397_EBOOK_ILMU_PERTAHANAN_TEORI_DAN_PRAKTIK
Suminar, SH, Perwita, AAB, & Ramsi, O. (2025). Hedging through Defense Diplomacy: Indonesia's Non-Alignment in the Age of Emerging Technologies. Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art, 3(4), 1340–1355. https://doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v3i4.7112
Sundari, S. (2023). Basics management defense (A. Winarna & R. Sianipar, Eds.). CV. Aksara Global Akademia. https://www.aksaraglobal.info/dasar-dasar-manajemen-pertahanan
Wan Rosalili Wan Rosli. (2025). Waging warfare against states: the deployment of artificial intelligence in cyber espionage. AI and Ethics, 5, 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-024-00628-x
Yoshimatsu, H. (2023). ASEAN and Great Power Rivalry in Regionalism: From East Asia to the Indo-Pacific. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 42(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034221139297
Zhao, X. (2024). The Hirschman effect re-examined from the perspective of security perception: A case study of Southeast Asian countries and China. Asian Politics & Policy, 16(3), 395–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12750
